Israel and Palestine Ceasefire: Latest Developments & Trump’s Peace Plan

After two years of relentless conflict, Israel and the Palestinian faction Hamas have agreed to a ceasefire as of October 9, 2025. The war – which began on October 7, 2023 – has inflicted a staggering toll. Israeli forces’ offensive in Gaza following Hamas’s initial attacks led to more than 67,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza (about 3% of the population) and over 169,000 injured. Tragically, at least 20,000 children are among the dead, roughly one child killed every hour over the past two years. These fatalities, on top of the initial 1,100+ Israelis killed in the October 2023 Hamas attacks, underscore the immense human cost of the conflict. Many of these lives could have been saved had a peace deal been reached earlier. The ceasefire announcement, therefore, comes as a beacon of hope for millions of Israelis and Palestinians who have endured unimaginable loss.

The breakthrough was achieved under a U.S. brokered peace initiative led by President Donald Trump. Trump unveiled a comprehensive 20-point peace plan in late September 2025 as a “roadmap to end the war in Gaza,” following meetings with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In early October, intense indirect negotiations were hosted in Egypt’s Sharm el-Sheikh, with mediation by Qatar, Egypt, and Turkiye. Both the Israeli government and Hamas leadership broadly welcomed Trump’s plan as a path forward. Late on October 8, President Trump announced via social media that “Israel and Hamas have both signed off on the first Phase of our Peace Plan… BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS!”. By the next day, a ceasefire agreement, essentially Phase 1 of Trump’s framework, was officially in place, marking the most significant step yet towards halting the violence.

Key Points of the Ceasefire Deal (Phase 1 of the Plan)

Trump’s announcement and statements from mediators have outlined the immediate measures included in this initial ceasefire stage:

• Immediate Ceasefire & Troop Pullback: An immediate halt to fighting in Gaza by all sides. Israel’s army will withdraw its forces from central areas of Gaza to an agreed-upon “yellow line” within the territory. This pullback creates a buffer and is meant to stop active combat operations.
• Hostages Freed: All remaining hostages held by Hamas in Gaza – 48 captives in total, of whom 20 are believed to be alive – will be released “very soon,” according to Trump’s statement. Hamas has agreed to free these Israeli and foreign captives as part of the deal, and even the bodies of those deceased will be returned as Israel withdraws. Israeli officials expect the hostage release to begin within days (likely by Monday, Oct 13, 2025, given a 72-hour timeline after the ceasefire starts).
• Prisoners Exchange: In return, Israel is expected to release roughly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including over 200 long-serving inmates, as part of a broad prisoner exchange. Palestinian groups have submitted lists of prisoners they seek to free – reportedly including prominent figures like Marwan Barghouti and Ahmad Saadat, who have been imprisoned for decades. This exchange is a core component aimed at addressing humanitarian concerns on both sides.
• Humanitarian Aid Surge: Under the plan, humanitarian aid into Gaza will dramatically increase during the truce. Gaza’s 2.3 million residents have been under total siege, suffering severe shortages of food, water, and medicine. Now, at least 400 aid trucks per day will be allowed into Gaza (possibly scaling up to 600 trucks daily) to deliver essential supplies. This is meant to alleviate the humanitarian catastrophe that UN officials have repeatedly warned about.
• Opening for Lasting Peace: All parties have framed this deal as the first step toward a “strong and durable peace.” Trump emphasized that this initial phase will “be the first step towards a strong and durable peace” and that “all parties will be treated fairly” under the full framework. The ceasefire is envisioned not as a temporary pause, but as the beginning of the end of the war – contingent on further negotiations to solidify long-term arrangements.

Notably, mediators from Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey played a crucial role in formulating this agreement. Qatar’s foreign ministry announced that an accord on all provisions and implementation mechanisms of the first phase had been reached, “which will lead to ending the war, the release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners, and the entry of aid”. In Trump’s public thank-yous, he credited Qatar, Egypt, and Turkiye for their mediation efforts. The United Nations, European Union, and many world leaders have also voiced relief and support for the deal, hoping it can halt what a UN commission and human rights groups have labeled a genocide in Gaza.

Trump’s 20-Point Peace Plan and the Path to a Final Agreement

Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets with Donald Trump at the White House in Washington, United States on Sept 29, 2025. Source: Netanyahu Twitter

The ceasefire and exchanges are part of President Trump’s broader 20-point peace framework, which he first unveiled on September 29, 2025. This comprehensive plan not only seeks an immediate end to the fighting but also addresses the long-term political and security issues at the heart of the Israel–Palestine conflict. Key goals and provisions in the plan include: making Gaza a “terror-free zone” (eliminating armed groups’ threat to Israel), guaranteeing Gaza’s redevelopment and humanitarian recovery, establishing a new governance structure for Gaza, and ensuring regional stability with support from Arab states.

One crucial aspect is determining who will govern Gaza after the war. Under the current framework, Hamas will not retain control of Gaza once hostilities end. Israel, the U.S., and neighboring Arab countries have all agreed that Hamas – which has ruled the Gaza Strip since 2007 – cannot be in charge due to its refusal to renounce armed resistance. Trump’s plan instead envisions a role for the Palestinian Authority (PA) in Gaza’s future, but only after major reforms to improve the PA’s governance and anti-corruption measures. The idea is to eventually reintegrate Gaza with the PA-led administration (which currently governs parts of the West Bank) as a step toward reviving a broader peace process.

Another striking proposal is the creation of an international body called the “Board of Peace” to oversee Gaza’s transition. According to details shared by negotiators, this Board would be chaired by Donald Trump himself (in what would be a hands-on diplomatic role) and include figures like former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair. The Board of Peace is intended to supervise security, reconstruction, and governance in Gaza during an interim period. However, this concept has met some resistance – Hamas and other Palestinian factions are wary of any form of foreign administration. Hamas has signaled it would only hand over Gaza governance to a Palestinian technocratic government under PA supervision, backed by Arab and Muslim nations, not to an external authority or international trusteeship. They also reject any role for Tony Blair or similar foreign officials, due to concerns over sovereignty.

Disarmament of Hamas remains another thorny issue for the final agreement. The Trump plan and Israeli officials insist that for a permanent peace, Hamas must give up its weapons and military capabilities. Hamas, however, has long refused to disarm, arguing that as long as Israeli forces occupy or besiege Palestinian land, they need arms to defend their people. This point was sidestepped in the current ceasefire deal – Hamas agreed to the humanitarian and prisoner exchange elements but did not concede to disarmament at this stage. All sides know this debate will resurface in the next phases of peace talks.

Despite these uncertainties, the initial deal is widely hailed as a major diplomatic breakthrough. It marks the most significant achievement in Trump’s renewed presidency and his foreign policy – potentially “Trump’s biggest foreign policy achievement to date,” if it holds. It has also restored a measure of U.S. credibility as a mediator in the Middle East. Neighboring Arab countries, while supportive of the ceasefire, have asserted that the plan must ultimately lead to Palestinian statehood and a just political solution. This aligns with long-standing international calls for a two-state solution. However, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu has already vowed that full Palestinian independence “will never happen” under his watch, underscoring that huge gaps remain on core issues. The current U.S. administration will have to navigate these high-stakes political challenges to transform the ceasefire into a final peace agreement.

Celebrations, Caution, and the Road Ahead

The ceasefire announcement sparked emotional celebrations on both sides. In Gaza City, Khan Younis, and other parts of the Strip, war-weary Palestinians poured into the streets late into the night – cheering, waving flags, and chanting in hope that the nightmare of daily bombings might finally end. For many Gazans, the deal represents the “fruits of steadfastness,” as some called it, after enduring two years of siege and destruction. Meanwhile in Tel Aviv, Israelis gathered at what has been dubbed “Hostages Square” erupted in joy upon hearing that all remaining hostages would come home. Families of Israeli captives hugged and wept with relief, celebrating the prospect of being reunited with their loved ones after an agonizing year of uncertainty. The public mood in Israel was one of cautious optimism – elation at the breakthrough, tempered by memories of the heavy losses suffered and questions about what comes next for regional security.

Palestinians celebrate in Khan Younis after the ceasefire was announced. Photograph: Ramadan Abed/Reuters

Global leaders and institutions have largely praised the ceasefire deal as a crucial first step. The United Nations Secretary-General welcomed the agreement and urged all parties to “strictly uphold the ceasefire and seize this opportunity to end the bloodshed.” Leaders of France, the UK, and many other countries issued statements of support, commending the mediation efforts of Qatar and others. Notably, even Pope Leo XIV weighed in, lauding the “significant steps forward” in negotiations and praying that the plan “achieves the desired results” soon. The Pope called for a permanent ceasefire and urged all sides to commit to a “just and lasting peace”. These reactions underscore a widespread global yearning for an end to the conflict, given its humanitarian toll and destabilizing effects on the region.

Despite the jubilation, officials caution that the deal’s success is not yet guaranteed. Critical details – the “unknowns” – still need to be resolved through further talks. These include agreeing on the timeline and monitoring of Israel’s troop withdrawal, the structure of Gaza’s post-war governance, and the ultimate fate of Hamas as a political entity. All sides have incentives to strike a lasting bargain: Hamas seeks an end to the siege and freedom for Palestinian prisoners; Israel wants long-term security guarantees that Gaza won’t threaten it again. Yet, mutual distrust runs deep, and any provocation or delay in implementation could jeopardize the fragile truce. Indeed, reports indicate that even after Trump’s call to end airstrikes, some Israeli military operations continued on a limited scale, and sporadic violations could occur. Both Trump and regional mediators are staying actively engaged to prevent backsliding – Trump has signaled he may travel to the Middle East within days to personally push the process forward, and Netanyahu has invited Trump to address the Knesset (Israel’s parliament) as a show of partnership.

The next few weeks will be critical. If all hostages are released and the ceasefire holds, it will build trust and momentum for tackling the tougher political issues. An Israeli official described this deal as the most advanced effort yet to “halt the conflict” and noted a sense of guarded optimism even in Israeli financial markets responding to the news. Conversely, failure to implement any part of the agreement – for example, if there are disputes over the prisoner list or if violence flares up – could unravel the progress and plunge both peoples back into warfare. For now, the world watches anxiously as this war, which has raged for 24 months, finally pauses. There is hope that this pause can be converted into a sustainable peace.

The Cost of Delay: Why Every Day of War Matters

The hard-earned ceasefire comes after immense suffering, raising the painful question: How many lives might have been saved if a deal had been reached sooner? In the two years of fighting, the statistics of human loss are staggering. Over 67,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed – roughly 1 in every 33 people in the enclave. Among them were doctors, teachers, entire families, and at least 20,000 children. These numbers aren’t mere statistics; they represent an entire generation scarred or gone. On the Israeli side, beyond those killed in the initial October 2023 attacks, dozens of soldiers and civilians lost their lives in subsequent fighting, including in battles inside Gaza. Communities on both sides have been traumatized by constant bombardments, rocket fire, and the horror of hostage-taking.

Every additional day that the war dragged on meant more innocent lives lost – lives that might have been spared if a ceasefire had been achieved earlier. For instance, health officials in Gaza estimate that thousands more perished under rubble uncounted, and many died from lack of medical care as hospitals were bombed and supplies ran out. In Israel, families of hostages have spent over a year in anguish, not knowing the fate of their loved ones. The delayed resolution prolonged their torment and the broader climate of fear. As negotiations stalled or previous truces collapsed, children continued to die, and the cycle of revenge deepened. This grim reality highlights why the pursuit of peace can never come too soon. The ceasefire’s timing – coming exactly two years after the war ignited – is a somber reminder of the heavy price of delay. It reinforces the imperative that in any conflict, taking the path of peace early is crucial to save lives and prevent unbearable human tragedy.

Seizing Peace and Pledging to Make a Difference

The Israel–Palestine ceasefire of October 2025 offers a rare and precious chance to end a nightmare of violence. It is a testament to what determined diplomacy and international pressure can achieve, even when hope seems lost. Yet, the ceasefire is not an end in itself; it is the beginning of a challenging journey toward a just and lasting peace. All stakeholders – Israelis, Palestinians, and the global community – must now work diligently to address the root causes of the conflict, heal wounds, and ensure that this truce does not falter. The enormous loss of life over the past two years serves as a haunting backdrop, reminding everyone that peace is priceless. Every effort must be made to prevent a return to bloodshed, because the alternative is simply unthinkable – as the world has witnessed, the costs are too high.

As citizens of the world, we each have a role to play in supporting peace. The recent ceasefire was possible in part due to collective voices demanding an end to the killing. We must continue to raise awareness, stay informed, and pressure our leaders to prioritize dialogue over destruction in all conflicts. In this spirit, we invite you to join our global campaign for peace. Visit pledge4peace.org/campaigns to see what other global citizens have proposed to resolve the Israel–Palestine conflict and other crises through non-violent means. There, you can vote on real solutions and add your voice to those calling for diplomacy, humanitarian action, and mutual understanding. By participating in such initiatives, you help build global momentum for leaders to choose the peace route first in resolving conflicts.

Let us honor those tens of thousands who perished by ensuring their deaths were not in vain. Join the campaign for peace – share the stories and proposals from people around the world, demand that ceasefires lead to genuine conflict resolution, and pledge to support policies of justice and coexistence. The Israel–Palestine ceasefire of 2025 shows that even the deepest of conflicts can find a breakthrough. Now it is up to all of us to transform this fragile hope into an enduring reality. Stand with us at Pledge4Peace to promote peace in this conflict and beyond – so that we may see a future where no more lives are lost to war, and peace prevails.